The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the key ligaments in the knee. It connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia) and provides stability during movement.

When torn, the ACL can no longer support the knee properly. This often leads to instability, difficulty walking on uneven ground, and problems with sports that involve sudden changes in direction.

How ACL Injuries Happen

ACL tears usually occur during high-impact activities such as football, soccer, basketball, or skiing.

Common causes include:

• Sudden pivoting or twisting
  
  

• Incorrect landing from a jump
  
  

• Direct collision or impact
  
  

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, over 4,500 ACL reconstructions are performed each year in Australia, making it one of the most common sports-related surgeries.

Symptoms of an ACL Tear

Typical signs include:

• A “popping” sound at the time of injury
  
  

• Swelling within the first 24 hours
  
  

• Sharp pain and difficulty bearing weight
  
  

• A feeling of the knee “giving way” during movement
  
  

These symptoms should be assessed by a specialist to confirm the diagnosis.

Do All ACL Injuries Require Surgery?

Not everyone with an ACL tear needs surgery.

• Non-surgical treatment may be suitable for people who are older, less active, or not experiencing knee instability.
  
  

• Surgical reconstruction is usually recommended for athletes, active individuals, or those whose knees feel unstable during daily activities.
  
  

Research shows that 80% of young athletes choose ACL surgery to return safely to sport.

What is ACL Reconstruction?

ACL reconstruction involves replacing the damaged ligament with a graft. This graft acts as a new ligament, allowing the knee to regain strength and stability.

Types of Grafts

• Autograft (your own tissue)
  
  

  • Patellar tendon
    
    

  • Hamstring tendon
    
    

  • Quadriceps tendon
    
    

• Allograft (donor tissue)
  
  

  • Used in selected cases, less common in Australia
    
    

The choice of graft depends on your age, activity level, and the surgeon’s advice.

How the Surgery is Performed

Step 1 – Preparation

Physiotherapy before surgery (“prehab”) helps strengthen the knee and speeds up recovery.

Step 2 – Anaesthetic

The procedure is usually performed under general anaesthesia.

Step 3 – Arthroscopy

Small incisions are made, and a camera is inserted to guide the surgeon.

Step 4 – Graft Placement

The surgeon drills tunnels in the femur and tibia, threads the graft through, and secures it with screws.

Step 5 – Closure

The incisions are closed, and the knee is wrapped in a bandage.
The operation generally takes 1–2 hours.

Recovery Timeline

Recovery is gradual and requires patience.

• Weeks 1–2: Control swelling, regain movement, walk with crutches.
  
  

• Weeks 2–6: Start physiotherapy, begin weight-bearing exercises.
  
  

• Months 3–6: Progress to jogging and strengthening.
  
  

• Months 6–9: Return-to-sport testing, agility drills.
  
  

• 9–12 months: Clearance for competitive sport.
  
  

Studies show that athletes who return to sport before 9 months have a 7x higher risk of re-injury.

Risks and Complications

ACL reconstruction is generally safe, but possible risks include:

• Infection (less than 1%)
  
  

• Knee stiffness
  
  

• Graft failure (5–10%)
  
  

• Blood clots
  
  

• Re-injury if returning to sport too soon
  
  

Careful rehabilitation reduces these risks significantly.

Success Rates

The surgery has a success rate of 80–90%. Most patients regain stability and return to active lifestyles.

An Australian Orthopaedic Association study found that over 85% of patients resume sports or physical activity after ACL reconstruction.

Cost of ACL Surgery in Perth

• Public hospitals: Covered by Medicare, but may involve long waiting lists.
  
  

• Private hospitals: Faster treatment, costs range between $6,000 and $12,000, depending on insurance coverage and surgeon fees.
  
  

Always check your insurance policy for details.

Preparing for Surgery

• Complete physiotherapy sessions before surgery.
  
  

• Prepare your home environment for easier mobility.
  
  

• Eat a balanced diet rich in protein and vitamins.
  
  

• Avoid smoking, as it slows down healing.
  
  

Choosing a Surgeon in Perth

The right surgeon can make a significant difference in recovery. Look for:

• Experience in sports orthopaedics
  
  

• High number of ACL surgeries performed annually
  
  

• Strong post-surgery rehabilitation program
  
  

If you’re looking for a trusted orthopaedic surgeon Perth, you can explore tailored care options with an experienced specialist.

Life After ACL Surgery

Most patients return to normal activities within a year. Long-term outcomes are excellent, provided rehabilitation is followed carefully.

Mental recovery is just as important as physical recovery. Fear of re-injury is common, but structured rehab and support from healthcare professionals can build confidence.

Key Takeaways

• ACL injuries are common in Perth, especially among athletes.
  
  

• Surgery is recommended for active individuals with instability.
  
  

• Recovery usually takes 9–12 months.
  
  

• Success rates are high with proper rehabilitation.
  
  

• Choosing an experienced surgeon is crucial for the best outcome.
  
  

Conclusion

ACL reconstruction surgery is one of the most effective solutions for knee instability after an ACL tear. With proper preparation, skilled surgical care, and commitment to rehabilitation, patients in Perth can return to active lifestyles with confidence.

If you are considering surgery, take the time to understand your options, prepare well, and follow through with physiotherapy. The journey may be long, but the outcome is worth it a strong, stable knee and a return to the activities you love.